Javascript e koetsoe ho sebatli sa hau hajoale.Ha javascript e koetsoe, mesebetsi e meng ea sebaka sena sa Marang-rang e ke ke ea fumaneha.
Ngolisa lintlha tsa hau tse ikhethileng le meriana e ikhethang eo u e ratang, re tla tsamaisana le tlhaiso-leseling eo u fanang ka eona le lingoloa sebakeng sa rona sa polokelo ea litaba se pharalletseng, 'me hang-hang re romelle kopi ea PDF ho uena.
Khaello ea mali har'a batho ba baholo ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba eang sepetlele se akaretsang se ka bochabela ho Ethiopia: thuto e fapaneng
Teshome Tujuba, 1 Behailu Hawulte Ayele, 2 Sagni Girma Fage, 3 Fitsum Weldegebreal41, Medical Laboratory, Guelmsau General Hospital, Guelmsau City, Ethiopia 2 School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Haramaya University, Harala State, Ethiopia; 3 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; 4 Faculty of Health and Medicine, Haramaya University, Harar City, Ethiopia News Agency: Sagni Girma Fage, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Haral University, Ethiopia, Harar, Ethiopia POBox 235 Email giruu06@gmail.com Background: Although anemia is a common disease among diabetic patients, there is very little evidence of anemia in this part of the population in Ethiopia, especially in the research environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of anemia and related factors in adult diabetic patients treated in a general hospital in eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of health basics was conducted on 325 randomly selected adult diabetic patients. Follow-up clinic at the Gramsoe General Hospital in eastern Ethiopia. Use pre-tested structured questionnaires to collect data through interviews and then perform physical and laboratory measurements. Then enter the data into EpiData version 3.1, and use STATA version 16.0 for analysis. Fit a binary logistic regression model to identify factors related to anemia. When p-value<0.05, all statistical tests are declared significant. Results: The degree of anemia in adult diabetic patients was 30.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25.4%-35.4%). Men (36%) have higher anemia than women (20.5%). Male (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.8), DM ≥ 5 years (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.7), comorbidities (AOR = 1.9, 95) %CI : 1.0, 3.7) and suffering from diabetic complications (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.2) were significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion: Anemia is a moderate to moderate public health problem among adult DM patients in the study subjects. Male gender, the duration of DM, the presence of DM complications, and DM comorbidities are factors related to anemia. Therefore, routine screening and appropriate management should be designed for men, DM patients with long DM duration, and anemia patients with complications and comorbidities, so as to improve the quality of life of patients. Early diagnosis and regular monitoring of diabetes may also help minimize complications. Keywords: Anemia, Diabetes, General Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia
Anemia e bolela ho fokotseha ha palo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse potolohang (RBC) le / kapa ho fokotseha ha matla a ho tsamaisa oksijene ka lebaka leo, e sa lekaneng ho finyella litlhoko tsa 'mele oa motho.1,2 E ama linaha tse tsoelang pele le tse tsoetseng pele, bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba batho, ntlafatso ea sechaba le moruo.3 Ho na le batho ba ka bang limilione tse likete tse 1.62 ba nang le phokolo ea mali lefatšeng, e leng karolo ea 24.8% ea baahi ba lefatše.4
Diabetes mellitus (DM) ke lefu la metabolic, le arotsoeng ka mofuta oa I_juvenile kapa lefu la tsoekere le itšetlehileng ka insulin le mofuta oa II_lefu la tsoekere le sa itšetleheng ka insulin.5 Ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, khaello ea mali e bakoa haholo-holo ke ho ruruha, lithethefatsi, khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng, lefu la liphio, mafu a tsamaeang le autoimmune, phokotso ea 6,7 ea tlhahiso ea erythropoietin, khaello ea tšepe e felletseng kapa e sebetsang, le ho phela ha lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ho khutsufala.8,9 Ka hona, phokolo ea mali e tloaelehile ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere.10,11 Ho batho ba baholo, ho ata ha phokolo ea mali ke 24% har'a basali ba lilemo tsa ho beleha (lilemo tse 15-49) le 15% har'a banna ba lilemo li 15-49.12
Ho bakuli ba nang le DM, haholo-holo ba nang le lefu la liphio kapa ho se sebetse hantle ha renal, ho ata ha phokolo ea mali ho makhetlo a 2 ho isa ho a 3 ho feta a bakuli ba se nang DM.13,14 phokolo ea mali le lefu la tsoekere, joalo ka nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, pholiso e mpe ea maqeba, le lefu la macrovascular [15,16], li na le phello e mpe ho boleng ba bophelo ba bakuli.17-19 Ho sa tsotellehe lintlha tsena, litlaleho tsa lipatlisiso li bontša hore hoo e ka bang 25% ea bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba ntse ba sitoa ho lemoha phokolo ea mali.20,21
Ho elelloa kapele le kalafo ea phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba DM ho ka thusa ho fokotsa ho kula le ho shoa, le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ba bona.22 Leha ho le joalo, ka kakaretso, tlhahlobo ea khaello ea mali ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere Ethiopia e tlaase haholo, 'me ho fihlela joale, ha ho na lipatlisiso tse nepahetseng.Sena ke 'nete haholo-holo sebakeng sa thuto.Ka hona, boithuto bona bo ikemiselitse ho hakanya tekanyo ea phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere Sepetleleng se Akaretsang sa Gramsoe se ka bochabela ho Ethiopia le ho fumana lintlha tse amanang le eona.
Boithuto bona bo entsoe Sepetleleng se Akaretsang sa Glymso (GGH) se Toropong ea Glymso, Seterekeng sa Habro, Profinseng ea Oromiya, Ethiopia Bochabela.Sepetlele se bohōle ba lik'hilomithara tse 390 ka bochabela ho Addis Ababa, motse-moholo oa Ethiopia.23 Ho ea ka tlaleho ea Ofisi ea Bophelo ea Habro Woreda, GGH ke setsi sa phetisetso bakeng sa batho ba hakanyetsoang ho limilione tse 1.4 sebakeng se haufi le moo ho tšoasoang metsi teng.E fana ka litšebeletso tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho bakuli ba fetang 90,000 mafapheng a eona a fapaneng le litleliniki selemo se seng le se seng.Tleliniki ea lefu la tsoekere ke e 'ngoe ea litsi tse fanang ka litšebeletso ho bakuli ba ka bang 660 ba lefu la tsoekere.Setereke sa Habro se sebakeng sa bophahamo ba limithara tse 1800-2000.
Boithuto bo amanang le sepetlele bo entsoe ho tloha ka la 9 Phuptjane 2020 ho isa la 10 Phato, 2020. Barupeluoa ba tšoanelehang ke bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba baholo (≥18 years) ba lateloang GGH.Batho ba baholo ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba fumaneng tšelo ea mali likhoeling tse 3 tse fetileng, bakuli ba baimana kapa ba sa tsoa tsoaloa kapa ba tšoeroeng ke lefu la kelello, bakuli ba ileng ba etsoa opereishene kapa ba tsoang mali ka lebaka leha e le lefe, le bakuli ba fumaneng phekolo ea likokoana-hloko tsa mala. .Ithute.
Mohlala oa boholo o ile oa khethoa ka ho sebelisa mokhoa o le mong oa karolelano ea baahi 'me o itšetlehile ka maikutlo a latelang: 95% nako ea ho itšepa, 5% ea tekanyo ea phoso, le ho ata ha phokolo ea mali ea bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba tsoang Sepetlele sa Dessie Referral ka leboea-bochabela Ethiopia (p = 26.7) %).24 Kamora ho eketsa 10% ho ba sa arabeleng, saese ea ho qetela ea sampole ke 331.
Bakuli ba 660 ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba ile ba lateloa ka matla tleliniking ea lefu la tsoekere GGH.Arola palo eohle ea bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere (660) ka saese ea ho qetela ea sampole (331) ho fumana linako tse peli tsa lisampole.Ka ho sebelisa rejisetara ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba fumanang litšebeletso tsa ho latela lefu la tsoekere sepetlele e le lisampole, re sebelisitse mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa lisampole o sa reroang ho kenyelletsa bakuli ba bang bohle thutong.Fana ka monkakarolo e mong le e mong oa phuputso nomoro ea boitsebahatso e ikhethang ho qoba ho pheta-pheta, haeba mokuli ea tšoanang a ka hlaha hape nakong ea phuputso bakeng sa tatello e 'ngoe.
Bokella lintlha tse mabapi le mefuta-futa ea sociodemographic, ho noa joala, ho tsuba, le litšobotsi tsa lijo ka ho sebelisa lethathamo la lipotso tse hlophisitsoeng tse fetotsoeng ho tloha mohato ka mohato oa mokhoa oa ho hlahloba lefu le sa foleng la WHO.25 Ho noa tee le kofi, tšebeliso ea lipompo tsa metsi, lethathamo la lipotso tsa ho hlafuna ha Carter, tšebeliso ea lithibela-pelehi le histori ea ho ilela khoeli li ile tsa fumanoa ka ho hlahloba lingoliloeng tse sa tšoaneng.Lenane la lipotso tsa 26-30 le ngotsoe ka Senyesemane 'me la fetoleloa puong ea sebaka seo (Afaan Oromoo), eaba le fetoleloa ho Senyesemane ke litsebi tse fapaneng tsa lipuo ho hlahloba ho lumellana.Fumana lintlha tsa bongaka tse kang nako ea lefu la tsoekere, mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere, mathata a lefu la tsoekere, le boemo ba tsoekere ea mali bo potlakileng ho tsoa litlalehong tsa bongaka tsa mokuli.Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa ke baoki ba babeli ba litsebi le setsebi sa laboratori, 'me ba laoloa ke setsebi sa thuto ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.
Lekanya khatello ea mali (BP) ka ho sebelisa metha ea khatello ea mali ea digital (Heuer) e netefatsoang kamehla.Pele a lekanya khatello ea mali, motho eo o ne a sa noa lino tse chesang, tse kang tee, kofi kapa koae e tsubang, Seboko sa ho hlafuna, kapa a ikoetlisa ka matla metsotsong e 30 e fetileng.Ka mor'a hore sehlooho se phomole bonyane metsotso e mehlano 'me se tlalehe palo e tloaelehileng ea ho bala BP, litekanyo tse tharo tse ikemetseng li ile tsa nkoa ka letsoho le letšehali.Litekanyo tsa bobeli le tsa boraro li nkiloe metsotso e mehlano le e leshome ka mor'a litekanyo tsa pele le tsa bobeli, ka ho latellana.Khatello ea mali e hlalosoa e le bakuli ba nang le BP e phahameng (SBP≥140 kapa DBP≥90mmHg) kapa ba kileng ba fumanoa ba e-na le lithethefatsi tse thibelang khatello ea kelello.31,32
Ho fumana boemo ba phepo e nepahetseng ka index ea boima ba 'mele (BMI), re ile ra lekanya bolelele le boima ba mokuli.Ha morupeluoa e mong le e mong a ema a otlolohile leboteng, lirethe tsa bona li ne li ama lebota hammoho, li sa roale lieta, li boloka lihlooho tsa tsona li otlolohile, 'me li lekanya bolelele ba tsona ka rula' me li tlaleha 0,1 cm e haufi.Sebelisa sekala sa dijithale se tšoailoeng 0-130 kg ho metha boima ba hau.Pele ho tekanyo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, lekanya sekala ho ea boemong ba zero.Lekanya boima ba motho ea nkang karolo ha a apere liaparo tse bobebe 'me a se na lieta, 'me u tlalehe 0.1 kg e haufi haholo.33,34 Body mass index (BMI) e baloa ka ho arola boima ba 'mele (kg) ka bophahamo (m).Joale boemo ba phepo e nepahetseng bo hlalosoa e le: haeba BMI <18.5, boima bo tlaase;haeba BMI = 18.5-24.9, boima bo tlaase;haeba BMI = 25-29.9, boima bo feteletseng;haeba BMI ≥30.35,36, botenya
Haufi le bohareng ba sebaka se pakeng tsa moeli o ka tlaase oa likhopo tse nang le mapheo le karolo e ka holimo ea ho qetela, sebelisa tekanyo ea tepi e sa tsitsang ho lekanya sekhahla sa letheka le ho rekota ho 0.1 cm e haufi.Botenya bo bohareng bo hlalosoa e le moeli oa letheka bakeng sa banna ≥ 94 cm, le moeli oa letheka bakeng sa basali ≥ 80 cm.30,36 Nakong ea koetliso, bakuli ba 10 ba lefu la tsoekere ba baholo ba ile ba ba tlas'a phoso e amanang le tekanyo ea tekheniki (%TEM) ho fokotsa liphoso tse sa reroang tsa tekanyo ea anthropometric.Liphoso tse hlokomelehang tsa tekanyo ea tekheniki ka hare le lipakeng tsa bashebelli li ka tlase ho 1.5% le tlase ho 2% ka ho latellana.
Litsebi tsa laboratori li ile tsa bokella hoo e ka bang limililithara tse peli (2 mL) tsa lisampole tsa mali ho barupeluoa bohle 'me tsa li kenya ka har'a tube ea teko e nang le tripotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA K3) anticoagulant bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea hemoglobin.Kopanya mali a bokelletsoeng hantle 'me u sebelise analyzer ea Sysmex XN-550 hematology bakeng sa tlhahlobo.Tekanyo ea hemoglobin e ile ea fetoloa ka ho fokotsa bophahamo ba barupeluoa bohle ka ho tlosa 0.8 g/dl le boemo ba ho tsuba ka ho ntša 0.03 g/dl.Ebe u hlalosa phokolo ea mali e le boemo ba hemoglobin ea basali <12g/dl le monna <13g/dl.Bokhopo ba khaello ea mali bo arotsoe ka: maemo a hemoglobin a banna le basali ke 11-12.9 g/dl le 11-11.9 g/dl, ka ho latellana, e leng phokolo ea mali e bonolo, ha maemo a hemoglobin a mali a itekanetseng le a matla ke 8–10.9 g/dl, ka ho latellana dl le <8 mg/dl.E motona le e motshehadi
Bokella limililithara tse hlano (5 mL) tsa mali a venous ka har'a tube ea teko ntle le anticoagulant ho fumana creatinine le urea.Mali ohle a se nang anticoagulant a koaloa ka metsotso e 20-30 'me a kenngoa ka centrifuged ka 3000 rpm metsotso e 5 ho arola serum.Joale, Mindray BS-200E (China Mindray Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd.) analyzer ea k'hemistri ea kliniki e ile ea sebelisoa ho fumana hore na serum creatinine le urea content ka acid picrine le mekhoa ea enzymatic.37 Sebelisa creatinine clearance rate ho hakanya sekhahla sa filthara ea glomerular.Sebelisa Karolelano ea lefu la liphio e sa foleng (CKD) (GFR), e hlahisoang e le foromo ea CKD-EPI Cockroft-Gault e hlahisoang ka 1.73 square metres.
Maemo a tsoekere ea mali a itima lijo (bonyane lihora tse 8) a lekanyetsoa ka menoana ho sebelisa metha ea tsoekere ea mali e lekantsoeng bakeng sa tsoekere ea mali.38 Haeba boemo ba tsoekere ea mali bo itima lijo bo le <80 kapa> 130mg/dl, joale khoutu ke taolo e sa laoleheng ea tsoekere ea mali.Laola ha boleng ba tsoekere ea mali bo itima lijo bo pakeng tsa 80-130mg/dl 39
Batsayakarolo ba thutopatlisiso ba ne ba abetswe thupa e e phepa ya legong le komiki ya polasetiki e e phepa, e e omeletseng, e e sa duleng e e nang le nomoro ya seriale ya moanelwa mo go yona gore e tlhatlhobe dikokwana-hloko tsa mantle.Ba laele hore ba tle le sampole e ncha ea setuloana sa ligrama tse peli (e ka bang boholo ba monoana o motona).Ka mor'a ho lemoha liboko (mahe le/kapa li-larvae) ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e tobileng ea ho kenya metsi, lisampole li ile tsa hlahlojoa nakong ea metsotso e 30 ea ho bokella sampole.Mehlala e setseng e ile ea bolokoa ka har'a tube ea teko e nang le 10 mL ea 10% formalin ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho lemoha likokoana-hloko, 'me ka mor'a ho phekoloa ka theknoloji ea mahloriso ea formalin-ether precipitation, Olympus Microscope e ile ea sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo.
Sebelisa lancet e hloekisitsoeng ho bokella lisampole tsa mali tsa capillary menoaneng ho lemoha malaria.Lokisetsa filimi e tšesaane ea mali holim'a khalase e tšoanang e hloekileng ntle le mafura, ebe moea o omella.Li-slide li ne li silafalitsoe ke 10% Giemsa ka metsotso e ka bang 10, 'me mefuta ea likokoana-hloko tsa malaria e ile ea hlahlojoa.Ha libaka tse 100 tsa matla a phahameng li ne li hlahlojoa tlas'a sepheo sa ho qoelisa oli, slide e ile ea nkoa e le mpe.40
Koetliso ea matsatsi a mabeli ea lisebelisoa le mekhoa ea pokello ea lintlha e ile ea fuoa babokelli ba lintlha le baokameli.Pele Sepetlele se Akaretsang sa Chiro se bokella lintlha tsa sebele tsa bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba 30, lethathamo la lipotso le ile la lekoa pele 'me ho ile ha etsoa liphetoho tse hlokahalang ka tsela e nepahetseng.Tekanyo ea 'mele e emetsoe ke phoso e amanang le tekheniki ea tekanyo (%TEM).Ho feta moo, mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso e lateloa pokellong eohle ea mehlala ea laboratori, polokelo, tlhahlobo le ho rekota.
Tumello ea melao ea boitšoaro e fumanoe ho Komiti ea Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro ba Lipatlisiso tsa Bophelo bo Botle (IHRERC) ea Sekolo sa mehleng sa Bophelo le Bongaka sa Am Valley University (IHRERC 115/2020).Koleche e fane ka lengolo la molao la tšehetso ho GGH mme e fumane tumello ho hlooho ea sepetlele.Pele o bokella lintlha, fumana tumello e nang le tsebo, ea boithatelo, e ngotsoeng le e saennoeng ho tsoa ho monkakarolo e mong le e mong oa thutopatlisiso.Barupeluoa ba ile ba bolelloa hore lintlha tsohle tse bokelletsoeng ho bona li tla bolokoa e le lekunutu ka tšebeliso ea likhoutu, 'me ha ho liitlhahiso tsa botho tse tla sebelisoa,' me li tla sebelisetsoa merero ea lipatlisiso feela.Patlisiso ena e entsoe ho latela "Phatlalatso ea Helsinki".
Lekola botšepehi ba data e bokelletsoeng, kenya khoutu 'me u kenye mofuta oa EpiData 3.1, ebe u romela ho STATA version 16.0 bakeng sa tsamaiso le tlhahlobo ea data.Sebelisa liphesente, litekanyo, kakaretso, le liphapang tse tloaelehileng ho hlalosa lintlha.Ka mor'a ho lokisa boemo ba hemoglobin ho ea ka boemo ba ho tsuba ba barupeluoa le bophahamo ba sebaka seo, boemo ba khaello ea mali bo ile ba khethoa ho latela litekanyetso tse ncha tsa lihlopha tsa WHO.Lokisa mokhoa oa ho khutlisa lintho tse peli tse feto-fetohang ho khetholla mefuta e fapaneng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea ho qetela ea ho khutlisa lintho tse ngata.Ka bivariate logistic regression, mefuta e nang le p-value ≤ 0.25 e nkoa e le bonkgetheng ba mekhoa e mengata ea ho khutlela morao.Theha mokhoa oa ho fokotsa lintho tse ngata ho fumana lintlha tse sa amaneng le phokolo ea mali.Sebelisa karo-karolelano ea li-odds le 95% ea nako ea kholiseho ho lekanya matla a kopano.Boemo ba bohlokoa ba lipalo bo phatlalalitsoe e le p-value <0.05.
Phuputsong ena, kakaretso ea bakuli ba DM ba baholo ba 325 ba kentse letsoho kopanong, 'me sekhahla sa karabelo e ne e le 98.2%.Bongata ba bankakarolo;banna ba tsoang mahaeng ke 203 (62.5%), 247 (76%), 204 (62.8%) le 279 (85.5%) ke banna ba nyetseng, 'me morabe oa bona ke Oromo.Lilemo tse bohareng tsa barupeluoa e ne e le lilemo tse 40, 'me interquartile range (IQR) e ne e le lilemo tse 20.Hoo e ka bang 62% ea barupeluoa ha ba e-so fumane thuto ea sekolo, 'me 52.6% ea barupeluoa ke lihoai tsa litsebi (Letlapa la 1).
Lethathamo la 1 Litšobotsi tsa batho ba baholo ba DM ba phekoloang sepetleleng se akaretsang se ka bochabela ho Ethiopia ka 2020 (N = 325)
Har'a barupeluoa ba thuto, 74 (22.8%) ba tlaleha hore ba ne ba tsuba bonyane hanngoe bophelong ba bona, ha ba bapisoa le batho ba 13 ba tsubang hona joale (4%).Ho phaella moo, batho ba 12 (3.7%) ke ba noang hona joale, 'me 64.3% ea barupeluoa ba thuto ke tee e ntšo.Ho feta karolo ea boraro (68.3%) ea barupeluoa ba tlalehile hore ba lula ba noa kofi ka mor'a lijo.Ba lekholo le mashome a mararo a metso e meraro (96.3%) le ba 310 (95.4%) ba ne ba ja litholoana le meroho ka tlase ho makhetlo a mahlano ka beke.Mabapi le boemo ba bona ba phepo e nepahetseng, 92 (28.3%) le barupeluoa ba 164 (50.5%) ba ne ba le boima bo feteletseng 'me ba le boima bo feteletseng (Letlapa la 2).
Letlapa la 2 Litšobotsi tsa boitšoaro le phepo ea bakuli ba DM ba baholo ba phekoloang Sepetleleng se Kakaretso sa Eastern Ethiopia ka 2020 (N = 325)
Bakuli ba fetang 170 (52.3%) ba nang le mofuta oa II DM ba ne ba e-na le nako e tloaelehileng ea DM ea lilemo tse 4.5 (SD ± 4.0).Hoo e ka bang 50% ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba sebelisa litlhare tsa molomo tsa hypoglycemic (glibenclamide le/kapa metformin), 'me hoo e ka bang kotara ea boraro ea barupeluoa ba nang le tsoekere ea mali e sa laoleheng (Letlapa la 3).Mabapi le li-comorbidities, karolo ea 2 lekholong ea barupeluoa ba ne ba e-na le mathata.Bakuli ba 80 (24.6%) le 173 (53.2%) ba nang le DM ntle le khatello ea mali ba ne ba e-na le khaello ea mali le ba se nang mali ka ho latellana.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, har'a bakuli ba DM ba fumanoeng ba e-na le khatello ea mali, 189 (5.5%) le 54 (16.6%) ba ne ba e-na le phokolo ea mali ka ho latellana.
Lethathamo la 3 Litšobotsi tsa bongaka tsa bakuli ba batho ba baholo ba DM ba phekoloang sepetleleng se akaretsang sa Ethiopia bochabela ka 2020 (N = 325)
Tekanyo ea khaello ea mali ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ke 30.2% (95% CI: 25.4-35.4%), 'me tekanyo ea hemoglobin e tloaelehileng ke 13.2±2.3g/dl (banna: 13.4±2.3g/dl, basali: 12.9±1.7g/ dl).Mabapi le ho teba ha phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba DM ba nang le phokolo ea mali, ho ne ho e-na le linyeoe tse 64 tsa phokolo ea mali e fokolang (65.3%), linyeoe tse 26 tsa phokolo ea mali e itekanetseng (26.5%), le tse 8 tsa phokolo ea mali e matla (8.2%).Khaello ea mali ho banna (36.0%) e ne e phahame haholo ho feta basali (20.5%) (p = 0.003) (Setšoantšo sa 1).Re fumane kamano ea bohlokoa e ntle pakeng tsa ho teba ha phokolo ea mali le nako ea lefu la tsoekere (r = 0.1556, p = 0.0049).Sena se bolela hore ha nako ea DM e ntse e eketseha, boima ba khaello ea mali bo atisa ho eketseha.
Setšoantšo sa 1 Boemo ba phokolo ea mali ka bong ho bakuli ba batho ba baholo ba DM ba phekoloang sepetleleng se akaretsang se ka bochabela ho Ethiopia ka 2020 (N = 325)
Har'a bakuli ba DM, 64% ea banna le 79.5% ea basali ha ba na phokolo ea mali, ha 28.7% le 71.3% ea ba hlafunang Khat hajoale ba na le phokolo ea mali.67% ea bakuli ba DM ba baholo ba neng ba sebelisa kofi ka mor'a lijo ba ne ba se na khaello ea mali, 'me 32.9% ea bona e fumanoe e e-na le phokolo ea mali.Mabapi le ho ba teng ha li-comorbidities, 72.2% ea bakuli ba nang le DM ntle le mathata a ne a le phokolo ea mali, 'me 36.3% ea bakuli ba nang le DM e ne e le phokolo ea mali.Bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba nang le mathata a DM ba ne ba e-na le phokolo ea mali e phahameng (47.4%) ho feta ba se nang mathata a DM (24.9%) (Letlapa la 4).
Lethathamo la 4 Lintlha tse amanang le phokolo ea mali har'a bakuli ba DM ba baholo ba ileng ba phekoloa sepetleleng se akaretsang sa Ethiopia bochabela ka 2020 (N = 325)
Lokisa mefuta e mengata ea li-bivariate le multivariate logistic regression ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa phokolo ea mali le mefuta e hlalosang.Ka tlhahlobo ea bivariate;lilemo, tekano, boemo ba lenyalo, ho hlafuna Khat, kofi ka mor'a lijo, li-comorbidities, mathata a lefu la tsoekere, nako ea DM le boemo ba phepo e nepahetseng (BMI) li amana haholo le phokolo ea mali e nang le p value <0.25, 'me ke Multivariate candidate logistic regression.
Ha ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea ho fokotseha ha lintho tse ngata, banna ba nang le DM ≥ lilemo tse 5 tsa nako, boteng ba li-comorbidities le mathata a DM li ne li amahanngoa haholo le phokolo ea mali.Bakuli ba banna ba baholo ba DM ba na le menyetla ea 2.1 ea ho ba le phokolo ea mali ho feta basali (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.8).Ha ho bapisoa le bakuli ba DM ntle le li-comorbidities, bakuli ba DM ba nang le li-comorbidities ba na le menyetla ea 1.9 ea ho ba le phokolo ea mali (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.7).Ha ho bapisoa le bakuli ba nang le DM nako ea lilemo tse 1-5, bakuli ba DM ba nang le DM nako ea ≥ lilemo tse 5 ba na le monyetla oa ho ba le phokolo ea mali ka makhetlo a 1.8 (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.3).Kotsi ea khaello ea mali ho bakuli ba nang le mathata a DM ke makhetlo a 2.3 a basebetsi-'moho (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.2) (Letlapa la 4).
Phuputso ena e ile ea hlahloba ho teba ha phokolo ea mali le lintlha tse amanang le tsona ho bakuli ba DM ba ileng ba lateloa ke lefu la tsoekere Sepetleleng se Akaretsang sa Gelemso.Tekanyo ea khaello ea mali thutong ea hajoale ke 30.2%.Ho ea ka sehlopha sa WHO sa bohlokoa ba bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, tikolohong ea lipatlisiso, phokolo ea mali ke bothata bo itekanetseng ba bophelo bo botle ba sechaba har'a bakuli ba baholo ba nang le DM.Tekano, nako ea DM, boteng ba mathata a DM, le banna ba nang le DM comorbidities ba ile ba khetholloa e le lintlha tse amanang le phokolo ea mali.
Tekanyo ea khaello ea mali thutong ena e bapisoa le ea Sepetlele sa Referral ea Ethiopia ea Dessie [24], empa e phahame ho feta ea Sepetlele sa Ethiopia Fenote Selam [41] thutong ea lehae e entsoeng Chaena, 42 Australia, 43 le India [44] ]., E leng tlase ho feta lithuto tse entsoeng Thailand [45], Saudi Arabia [46] le Cameroon [47].Phapano ena e ka ba ka lebaka la phapang ea lilemo ea batho ba ithutoang.Mohlala, ho fapana le phuputso ea hajoale e neng e sa kenyeletse batho ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 18, phuputso e entsoeng Thailand e ne e kenyelletsa batho ba baholo ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 60, athe phuputso e entsoeng Cameroon e ne e kenyelletsa batho ba baholo ba fetang lilemo tse 50.Phapang e ka 'na ea boela ea bakoa ke ho fokotseha ha mosebetsi oa liphio, ho ruruha, khatello ea moko oa masapo, le khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng (ho eketseha ka lilemo)17.
Re maketse hore ebe thutong ea rona, phokolo ea mali ea banna e atile ho feta basali.Se fumanoeng sena se khahlanong le litlaleho tse ling tsa lipatlisiso [42,48], tseo ho tsona basali ba nang le monyetla oa ho ba le phokolo ea mali ho feta banna ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.Lebaka le ka 'nang la e-ba teng bakeng sa phapang ena e ka' na ea e-ba hore banna ba thutong ea rona ba ne ba e-na le mekhoa e phahameng ea ho hlafuna Khat, e ka bakang tahlehelo ea takatso ea lijo49, 'me Khat e na le li-tannins-ntho e fokotsang bioavailability ea tšepe e se nang heme lijong.50 Lebaka le leng leo e ka bang ka lona ke hore ho noa haholo kofi le tee ho banna thutong ena ho sitisitse ho monya ha tšepe ka maleng.51-54
Re fumane hore bakuli ba nang le DM ≥ lilemo tse 5 ba na le monyetla o moholo oa ho ba le phokolo ea mali ho feta bakuli ba nang le DM nakong ea lilemo tse 1-5.Sena se lumellana le lithuto tse entsoeng Sepetleleng sa Fenote Selam Ethiopia, 41 Iraq 55 le United Kingdom.17 Sena se ka 'na sa bakoa ke ho pepesehela hyperglycemia nako e telele, e leng se lebisang ho eketseha ha li-cytokine tsa ho ruruha tse nang le liphello tsa anti-erythropoietin, tse bakang ho fokotseha ha palo.Ho fokotseha ha lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ho lebisa ho fokotseheng ha hemoglobin e potolohang.35
Tumellanong le lithuto tse entsoeng Chaena, 13 phokolo ea mali thutong ena e ne e tloaelehile haholo ho bakuli ba DM ba nang le mathata.Ho ea ka baeloji, mathata a lefu la tsoekere a ka senya haholo sele le sebopeho sa methapo ea mali ea liphio, ho ruruha ha systemic, le ho kenngoa ha erythropoietin release inhibitors ho ka lebisa ho phokolo ea mali ea lefu la tsoekere.56 Hypoxia e ka ama liphatsa tsa lefutso, metabolism, capillary permeability le ho phela ha lisele 57. Phokotso ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali le thepa ea eona ea antioxidant e amanang le phokolo ea mali e ka boela ea baka mathata a eketsehileng ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere58.
Ho feta moo, bakuli ba DM ba nang le li-comorbidities ba kotsing ea ho ba le phokolo ea mali ho feta bakuli ba DM ba se nang li-comorbidities.Sena se bapisoa le lithuto tse fetileng tse tšoanang [35,59], e ka 'nang ea e-ba ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea li-comorbidities (tse kang khatello ea mali) e lebisang ho mathata a pelo le methapo ea pelo, kahoo e eketsa kotsi ea phokolo ea mali.60
E le e 'ngoe ea liphuputso tse fokolang haholo tse entsoeng ka laboratori tse entsoeng Ethiopia, mafu a sa foleng a kang DM a se a tloaelehile, e leng matla a lipatlisiso tsena.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, thuto ena ke thuto e le 'ngoe e thehiloeng sepetlele' me e ka 'na ea se ke ea emela bakuli bohle ba nang le DM kapa bakuli ba lateloang litsing tse ling tsa bongaka.Boemo bo fapaneng ba moralo oa thuto oo re o sebelisitseng ha bo lumelle ho theoa ha likamano tsa nakoana lipakeng tsa phokolo ea mali le lintlha.Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li ka hloka ho sebelisa taolo ea linyeoe, lithuto tsa sehlopha kapa liqapi tse ling tsa lipatlisiso ho nahana ka matšoao le matšoao a phokolo ea mali, RBC morphology, tšepe ea serum, vithamine B12, le maemo a folic acid.
Sebakeng sa lipatlisiso, phokolo ea mali ke bothata bo itekanetseng ba bophelo bo botle ba sechaba har'a bakuli ba DM ba baholo.Tekano, nako ea DM, boteng ba mathata a DM, le mathata a amanang le bona e ne e le banna 'me li ile tsa khetholloa e le lintlha tse amanang le phokolo ea mali.Ka hona, tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea phokolo ea mali le tsamaiso e nepahetseng bakeng sa bakuli ba DM ba nang le nako e telele ea DM, li-comorbidities le mathata li lokela ho etsoa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ba bakuli.Ho hlahlojoa kapele le ho beha leihlo khafetsa DM le hona ho ka thusa ho fokotsa mathata.
Lintlha tse tšehetsang liphetho tse tlalehiloeng bukeng e ngotsoeng ka letsoho li ka fumanoa ho mongoli ea tsamaisanang le eena ho latela litlhoko tse utloahalang.
Re rata ho leboha hlooho ea Sepetlele se Akaretsang sa Gelemso, basebetsi ba Tleliniki ea lefu la tsoekere, barupeluoa ba thuto, babokelli ba lintlha le bathusi ba lipatlisiso.
Bangoli bohle ba entse tlatsetso e kholo mosebetsing oa tlaleho, ebang ke ka maikutlo, moralo oa lipatlisiso, ts'ebetso, ho fumana lintlha, tlhahlobo le tlhaloso, kapa likarolong tsena kaofela;o bile le seabo ho rala, ho lekola kapa tekolo botjha e matla ya temana ena;qetellong E Amohile hore phetolelo e phatlalatsoe;ba fihletse tumellano mabapi le koranta eo sehlooho se rometsoeng ho eona;mme a dumela ho ikarabella dikarolong tsohle tsa mosebetsi.
1. WHO.Motsoako oa hemoglobin o sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo le tlhahlobo ea ho teba ha phokolo ea mali.Sistimi ea tlhaiso-leseling ea livithamini le liminerale.Geneva, Switzerland.2011. NMH / NHD / MNM / 11.1.E fumaneha webosaeteng e latelang: http://www.who.int/entity/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.E chaketsoe ka la 22 Pherekhong 2021.
2. Viteri F. Khopolo e ncha ea ho laola khaello ea tšepe: ho kenngoa ha tšepe beke le beke, ho thibela sechaba ho thibela lihlopha tse kotsing e kholo.Saense ea Tikoloho ea Biomedical.1998;11(1): 46-60.
3. Mehdi U, Toto RD.Khaello ea mali, lefu la tsoekere le lefu le sa foleng la liphio.Tlhokomelo ea lefu la tsoekere.2009;32(7):1320-1326.doi: 10.2337/dc08-0779
5. Johnson LJ, Gregory LC, Christenson RH, Harmening DM.Letoto la Appleton le Lange le fana ka tlhahlobo ea k'hemistri ea bongaka.New York: McGraw-Hill;2001.
6. Gulati M, AgrawalN.Boithuto bo mabapi le ho ata ha phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.Sch J App Med Science.2016;4 (5F): 1826-1829.
7. Cawood TJ, Buckley U, Murray A, joalo-joalo Ho ata ha phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere.Ir J Med Saense.2006;175(2):25.doi: 10.1007 / BF03167944
8. Kuo IC, Lin-HY-H, Nu SW, joalo-joalo Glycated hemoglobin le prognoza ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le sa foleng la lefu la tsoekere.Moemeli oa Saense.2016;6:20028.doi: 10.1038 / srep20028
9. Loutradis C, Skodra A, Georgianos P, joalo-joalo Lefu la tsoekere le eketsa ho ata ha phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la liphio le sa foleng: thuto ea ho laola linyeoe.Lefatše J Nephrol.2016;5(4):358.doi: 10.5527 / wjn.v5.i4.358
10. Rajagopal L, Ganesan V, Abdullah S, Arunachalam S, Kathamuthu K, RamrajB.Ho hlahloba kamano lipakeng tsa li-electrolyte, phokolo ea mali, le maemo a glycosylated hemoglobin (Hba1c) ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.Lipatlisiso tsa meriana ea Asia J.2018;11(1): 251–256.doi: 10.22159 / ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22533
11. Angelousi A, Major E. Anemia, kotsi e tloaelehileng empa hangata e sa tsejoe ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere: tlhahlobo.Lefu la tsoekere la 2015;41(1): 18-27.doi: 10.1016 / j.diabet.2014.06.001
12. CSA ea Ethiopia, Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa ICF.Liphuputso tse ka sehloohong tsa Patlisiso ea Batho ba Ethiopia ea 2016 ea Demographic and Health.Ofisi e Bohareng ea Lipalopalo ea Ethiopia le ICF International.Addis Ababa, Ethiopia le Rockville, Maryland, USA;2017.
13. He BB, Xu M, Wei L, joalo-joalo Kamano pakeng tsa phokolo ea mali le mathata a sa foleng ho bakuli ba Chaena ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.Arch Arch ea Meriana ea Iranian.2015;18(5): 277-283.
14. Wright J, Oddy M, RichardsT.Ho ba teng le litšobotsi tsa khaello ea mali ho liso tsa maoto a lefu la tsoekere.khaello ea mali.2014;2014: 1–8.doi: 10.1155/2014/104214
15. Thambiah SC, Samsudin IN, George E, joalo-joalo Anemia ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere (T2DM) Sepetlele sa Putrajaya.J Med Health Science, Malaysia.2015;11(1): 49-61.
16. Roman RM, Lobo PI, Taylor RP, joalo-joalo Thuto e lebelletsoeng ea phello ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea normalizing hemoglobin concentration ho bakuli ba hemodialysis ba fumanang recombinant human erythropoietin.J Am Soc Nephrol.2004;15(5): 1339-1346.doi: 10.1097 / 01.ASN.0000125618.27422.C7
17. Trevest K, Treadway H, Hawkins-van DCG, Bailey C, Abdelhafiz AH.Ho ata le ho khetholla ha phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba tsofetseng ba lefu la tsoekere ba eang tleliniking ea bakuli ba kantle ho naha: tlhahlobo ea likarolo.Tleliniki lefu la tsoekere.2014;32(4):158.doi: 10.2337 / diaclin.32.4.158
18. Thomas MC, Cooper ME, Rossing K, Parving HH.Diabetic Anemia: Na phekolo e nepahetse?lefu la tsoekere.2006;49(6):1151.doi: 10.1007 / s00125-006-0215-6
19. New JP, Aung T, Baker PG, joalo-joalo Ho ata ha phokolo ea mali e sa lemoheng ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le lefu la liphio le sa foleng ho phahame: thuto e thehiloeng ho baahi.Moriana oa lefu la tsoekere.2008;25(5): 564-569.doi: 10.1111 / j.1464-5491.2008.02424.x
20. Bosman DR, Winkler AS, Marsden JT, Macdougall IC, Watkins PJ.Khaello ea phokolo ea mali le erythropoietin e ka hlaha methating ea pele ea lefu la tsoekere la nephropathy.Tlhokomelo ea lefu la tsoekere.2001;24(3): 495-499.doi: 10.2337 / diacare.24.3.495
21. McGill JB, Bell DS.Karolo ea phokolo ea mali le erythropoietin ho lefu la tsoekere.J Mathata a lefu la tsoekere.2006;20(4):262-272.doi: 10.1016 / j.jdiacomp.2005.08.001
22. Baisakhiya S, Garg P, Singh S. Anemia ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le ba se nang lefu la tsoekere.Saense ea Bongaka ea Machabeng Bophelo bo Botle ba Sechaba.2017;6(2): 303-306.doi: 10.5455/ijmsph.2017.03082016604
23. Wikipedia.Gelemso e sebakeng sa Oromia ka la 11 Phuptjane 2020. 2020 [letsatsi la litšupiso ke Mphalane 20, 2020].E fumaneha ho tsoa ho URL e latelang: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelemso.E chaketsoe ka la 22 Pherekhong 2021.
24. Fiseha T, Adamo A, Tesfaye M, Gebreweld A, Hirst JA.Ho ata ha phokolo ea mali litleliniking tsa batho ba baholo ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ka leboea-bochabela ho Ethiopia.PLoS e 'ngoe.2019;14(9): e0222111.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222111
25. WHO.Mokhoa oa mohato ka mohato oa WHO oa ho beha leihlo kotsi ea mafu a sa tšoaetsanoeng Geneva, Switzerland: WHO;2017.
26. Aynalem SB, Zeleke AJ.Ho ata ha lefu la tsoekere le mabaka a lona a kotsi ho batho ba lilemo tse 15 ho ea holimo motseng oa Mizan-Aman, Southwest Ethiopia, 2016: boithuto bo fapaneng.Ke mofuta oa endocrine.2018;2018: 2018. doi: 10.1155 / 2018/9317987
27. Seifu W. Gilgil Gibe Field Research Center, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2013. Ho ata le maemo a kotsi a lefu la tsoekere le ho senyeheloa ke lijo tsa tsoekere ea mali ho batho ba baholo ba lilemo li 15-64: mokhoa oa mohato ka mohato.MOJ Bophelo ba Sechaba.2015;2(5): 00035. doi: 10.15406 / mojph.2015.02.00035
28. Roba HS, Beyene AS, Mengesha MM, Ayele BH.Ho ata ha khatello ea mali le lintlha tse amanang le tsona Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia e ka Bochabela: thuto e thehiloeng sechabeng.Khatello ea mali ea Int J.2019;2019: 1-9.doi: 10.1155 / 2019/9878437
29. Tesfaye T, Shikur B, Shimels T, Firdu N. Har'a litho tsa Federal Police Commission tse lulang Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, ho ata le lintlha tse amanang le lefu la tsoekere le ho fokotseha ha maemo a tsoekere ea mali a potlakileng.BMC Endocr e ferekane.2016;16(1): 68. doi: 10.1186 / s12902-016-0150-6
30. Abebe SM, Berhane Y, Worku A, Getachew A, LiY.Ho ata ha khatello ea mali le lintlha tse amanang le tsona: thuto ea sechaba e thehiloeng ho boemo bo ka leboea-bophirima ho Ethiopia.PLoS e 'ngoe.2015;10(4): e0125210.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125210
31. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynold K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, HeJ.Moroalo oa lefats'e oa khatello ea mali: tlhahlobo ea data ea lefats'e.The Lancet 2005;365(9455):217-223.doi: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (05) 17741-1
32. Singh S, Shankar R, Singh GP.Ho ata ha khatello ea mali le mabaka a amanang le kotsi: thuto ea mafapha a fapaneng toropong ea Varanasi.Khatello ea mali ea Int J.2017;2017: 2017. doi: 10.1155 / 2017/5491838
33. De Onis M, Habicht JP.Lintlha tsa litšupiso tsa Anthropometric bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea machabeng: likhothaletso tsa Komiti ea Setsebi ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo.Ena ke J Clinical Food.1996;64(4):650-658.doi: 10.1093 / ajcn / 64.4.650
34. WHO.Boemo ba 'mele: tšebeliso le tlhaloso ea anthropometry.Letoto la tlaleho ea tekheniki ea WHO.1995;854(9).
35. Barbieri J, Fontela PC, Winkelmann ER, joalo-joalo Anemia ho bakuli ba mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere.khaello ea mali.2015;2015: 2015. doi: 10.1155/2015/354737
36. Owolabi EO, Ter GD, Adeni OV.Botenya bo boholo bo mahareng le botenya bo boholo bo bohareng ba boima bo tloaelehileng har'a batho ba baholo setsing sa bongaka sa metropolitan sa Buffalo, Afrika Boroa: boithuto bo fapaneng.J lijo tse phetseng hantle tsa baahi.2017;36(1): 54. doi: 10.1186 / s41043-017-0133-x
37. Adera H, Hailu W, Adane A, Tadesse A. Ketsahalo ea khaello ea mali le lintlha tse amanang le eona ho bakuli ba lefu la liphio le sa foleng Sepetleleng sa Gondar University se karolong e ka leboea-bophirimela ea Ethiopia: phuputso ea sepetlele e thehiloeng sepetlele.Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis.2019;12: 219. doi: 10.2147 / IJNRD.S216010
38. Chiwanga FS, Njelekela, Massachusetts, Diamond MB, joalo-joalo Ho ata ha lefu la tsoekere le pele ho lefu la tsoekere le mabaka a kotsi a amanang le lefu la tsoekere metseng ea litoropo le mahaeng a Tanzania le Uganda.Ts'ebetso ea lefats'e ea bophelo bo botle.2016;9(1): 31440. doi: 10.3402/gha.v9.31440
39. Kassahun T, Eshetie T, Gesesew H. Lintlha tse amanang le taolo ea tsoekere ea mali ho batho ba baholo ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2: phuputso e fapaneng ea Ethiopia.Lintlha tsa BMC Res.2016;9(1): 78. doi: 10.1186 / s13104-016-1896-7
40. Fana SA, Bunza MDA, Anka SA, Imam AU, Nataala SU.Ho ata le maemo a kotsi a amanang le ts'oaetso ea malaria har'a bakhachane metseng ea litoropo tse ka leboea-bophirima ho Nigeria.Tlisa bofutsana.2015;4(1): 1-5.doi: 10.1186 / s40249-015-0054-0
41. Abate A, Birhan W, Alemu A. Mokhatlo oa liteko tsa phokolo ea mali le ts'ebetso ea renal ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba eang Sepetleleng sa Fenote Selam Sigoyam, Northwest Ethiopia: thuto e fapaneng.BMC Hematol.2013;13(1): 6. doi: 10.1186 / 2052-1839-13-6
42. Chen CX, Li YC, Chan SL, Chan KH.Anemia le Mofuta oa 2 oa Lefu la Lefu la tsoekere: Thuto e Khutlileng ea Tšusumetso ea Letoto la Litaba tsa Tlhokomelo ea Pele.Hong Kong Med J. 2013;19(3): 214–221.doi: 10.12809 / hkmj133814
43. Wee YH, Anpalahan M. Karolo ea botsofali ka khaello ea mali e tloaelehileng ea mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere.Curr Saense ea Botsofali.2019;12(2): 76-83.doi: 10.2174 / 1874609812666190627154316
44. Panda AK, Ambad County.Ho ata ha phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 le kamano ea eona le HBA1c: thuto ea pele.Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol.2018;8(10): 1409-1413.doi: 10.5455 / njppp.2018.8.0621511072018
45. Sudchada P, Kunmaturos P, Deoisares R. Ho ata ha phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 Thailand, empa ha ho na tlhahlobo e amanang le lefu la pelo kapa lefu le sa foleng la liphio.Singapore Medical Journal, 2013;28(2): 190-198.
46. Al-Salman M. Anemia ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere: ho ata le tsoelo-pele ea mafu.Gen Med.2015;1-4.
47. Feteh VF, Choukem SP, Kengne AP, Nebongo DN, Ngowe-Ngowe M. Anemia ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 le kamano ea eona le ts'ebetso ea renal lipetlele tsa thuto e phahameng ea Afrika e ka boroa ho Sahara: thuto e fapaneng.BMC adrenaline.2016;17(1): 29. doi: 10.1186 / s12882-016-0247-1
48. Idris I, Tohid H, Muhammad NA, joalo-joalo Anemia ho bakuli ba tlhokomelo ea mantlha ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 (T2DM) le lefu le sa foleng la liphio (CKD): thuto e fapaneng ea likarolo tse ngata.BMJ e butsoe.2018;8(12): 12. doi: 10.1136 / bmjopen-2018-025125
49. Wabe NT, Mohamed, Massachusetts.Sechaba sa mahlale se nahana eng ka catha edulis forsk?Kakaretso ea k'hemistri, toxicology le pharmacology.J Exp Integr Med.2012;2(1): 29. doi: 10.5455 / jeim.221211.rw.005
50. Al-Motarreb A, Al-Habori M, Broadley KJ.Ho hlafuna Khaki, lefu la pelo le mathata a mang a ka hare a bongaka: boemo ba hona joale le litaelo tsa lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang.J Journal of National Pharmacology.2010;132(3):540-548.doi: 10.1016 / j.jep.2010.07.001
51. Disler P, Lynch SR, Charlton RW, joalo-joalo Phello ea tee ka ho kenngoa ha tšepe.Mala.1975;16(3): 193-200.doi: 10.1136 / gut.16.3.193
52. Fane FS.Tšebeliso e feteletseng ea tee e tala e ka baka khaello ea mali ea tšepe.Moemeli oa nyeoe ea tleliniki.2016;4(11): 1053. doi: 10.1002 / ccr3.707
53. Kumera G, Haile K, Abebe N, Marie T, Eshete T, Ciccozzi M. Anemia le ho kopana ha eona le ho noa kofi le tšoaetso ea hookworm har'a bakhachane ba hlahlojoang ke bakhachane Sepetlele sa Debre Markos Referral Northwestern Ethiopia.PLoS e 'ngoe.2018;13(11): e0206880.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206880
54. Nelson M, Poulter J. Phello ea ho noa tee ka boemo ba tšepe UK: tlhahlobo.J Hum phepo e nepahetseng.2004;17(1):43-54.doi: 10.1046 / j.1365-277X.2003.00497.x
55. Abdul Kadir AH.Ho ata ha mafu a sa foleng le khaello ea mali ea tšepe har'a batho ba baholo ba nang le lefu la tsoekere motseng oa Erbil.Zanco J Med Sci.2014;18(1): 674-679.doi: 10.15218 / zjms.2014.0013
56. Thomas MC, MacIsaac RJ, Tsalamandris C, joalo-joalo Anemia ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.J Clinical endocrine metabolism.2004;89(9):4359-4363.doi: 10.1210 / jc.2004-0678
57. Deicher R, HörlWH.Khaello ea mali ke sesosa sa kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lefu le sa foleng la liphio.Curr Opin Nephrol khatello ea kelello.2003;12(2): 139-143.doi: 10.1097 / 00041552-200303000-00003
58. Klemm A, Voigt C, Friedrich M, joalo-joalo Electron paramagnetic resonance e lekanya matla a antioxidant a lisele tse khubelu tsa mali a bakuli ba hemodialysis.Nephrol dial transplantation.2001;16(11): 2166–2171.doi: 10.1093 / ndt / 16.11.2166
59. Ximenes RMO, Barretto ACP, Silva E. Phokolo ea mali ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la pelo: mabaka a kotsi a nts'etsopele.Rev Bras Cardiol.2014;27(3): 189–194.
60. Francisco PMSB, Belon AP, Barros MBDA, joalo-joalo Lefu la tsoekere le iponahatsang ho batho ba tsofetseng: ho ata, lintlha tse amanang le mekhoa ea ho laola.Cad Saude Publica.2010;26(1): 175-184.doi: 10.1590 / S0102-311X2010000100018
Mosebetsi ona o hatisitsoe le ho fuoa tumello ke Dove Medical Publishing Co., Ltd. Lipehelo tse feletseng tsa laesense ena li ka fumanoa ho https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php, li kopantsoe le Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial ( unported, v3.0) laesense.Ho fihlella mosebetsing ho bolela hore o amohela lipehelo tsena.Haeba mosebetsi o arotsoe ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, o ka se sebelisetsoe merero e seng ea khoebo ntle le tumello e eketsehileng ho tsoa ho Dove Medical Press Limited.Bakeng sa tumello ea ho sebelisa mosebetsi molemong oa khoebo, ka kopo sheba lirapa 4.2 le 5 tsa mantsoe a rona.
Ikopanye le Rona•Leano la Lekunutu•Mekhatlo le Bomphato•Likhothaletso•Melao le Lipehelo• Khothaletsa sebaka sena sa Marang-rang•Khutlela holimo
©Copyright 2021•Dove Press Ltd•maffey.com bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea software•Ho khomarela moralo oa tepo
Maikutlo a hlahisitsoeng lingoloeng tsohle tse hatisitsoeng mona ke a bangoli ba itseng 'me ha a hlile ha a bontše maikutlo a Dove Medical Press Ltd kapa leha e le ofe oa basebetsi ba eona.
Dove Medical Press ke ea Taylor & Francis Group, e leng lefapha la khatiso la thuto la Informa PLC, copyright 2017 Informa PLC.litokelo tsohle li sirelelitsoe.Sebaka sena ke sa Informa PLC (eo hamorao e tla bitsoa "Informa"), 'me ofisi ea eona e ngolisitsoeng ke 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG.E ngolisitsoe Engelane le Wales.Nomoro 3099067. Sehlopha sa VAT sa UK: GB 365 4626 36
Bakeng sa ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho baeti ba sebaka sa rona sa marang-rang le basebelisi ba ngolisitsoeng, re sebelisa li-cookies ho sekaseka sephethephethe sa baeti le ho etsa litaba tsa hau.U ka bala leano la rona la lekunutu ho utloisisa ts'ebeliso ea rona ea li-cookies.Re boetse re boloka lintlha ka baeti le basebelisi ba ngolisitsoeng bakeng sa tšebeliso ea ka hare le ho arolelana lintlha le balekane ba khoebo.U ka bala leano la rona la lekunutu ho utloisisa hore na re boloka lintlha life, re li tšoara joang, re arolelana le bo-mang le tokelo ea hau ea ho hlakola data.
Nako ea poso: Feb-19-2021