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Zhao Heng, 1,* Zhang Lidan, 2,* Liu Lifang, 1 Li Chunqing, 3 Song Weili, 3 Peng Yongyang, 1 Zhang Yunliang, 1 Li Dan 41 Endocrinology Laboratory, First Baoding Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000;2 Baoding Lefapha la Pele la Nuclear Medicine, Sepetlele se Bohareng, Baoding, Hebei 071000;Lefapha la 3 la bakuli ba ka ntle ho sepetlele sa Baoding First Central, Baoding, Profinseng ea Hebei, 071000;4 Lefapha la Ophthalmology, Sepetlele se Affiliated sa Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 *Bangoli bana ba kentse letsoho ka ho lekana mosebetsing ona.Mongoli ea lumellanang: Li Dan, Lefapha la Ophthalmology, Sepetlele sa Univesithi ea Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 Tel +86 189 31251885 Fax +86 031 25981539 Imeile [imeile e sirelelitsoeng] Zhang Yunliang Endocrinology Endocrinology First Hospital, Bangol Endocrinology First Hospital07 People's Hospital1 Hebei Hospital Rephabliki ea Chaena Tel +86 151620373737373737375axe Email protected ] Sepheo: Boithuto bona bo reretsoe ho hlalosa maemo a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), D-dimer (DD) le fibrinogen (FIB) mefuteng e fapaneng ea diabetic retinopathy (DR).Mokhoa: Kakaretso ea bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba 61, ba fumaneng kalafo lekaleng la rona ho tloha ka Pulungoana 2017 ho isa Motšeanong 2019, ba khethiloe.Ho ea ka liphetho tsa ho nka lifoto tsa non-mydriatic fundus le fundus angiography, bakuli ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo, e leng sehlopha sa non-DR (NDR) (n=23), sehlopha sa batho ba sa atang ba DR (NPDR) (n=17) le sehlopha sa proliferative. DR ( PDR) sehlopha (n=21).E boetse e kenyelletsa sehlopha sa taolo sa batho ba 20 ba fumanoeng ba se na lefu la tsoekere.Lekanya le ho bapisa maemo a HbA1c, DD le FIB ka ho latellana.Liphello: Ka karolelano boleng ba HbA1c e ne e le 6.8% (5.2%, 7.7%), 7.4% (5.8%, 9.0%) le 8.5% (6.3%), 9.7%) lihlopheng tsa NDR, NPDR le PDR, ka ho latellana. .Boleng ba taolo e ne e le 4.9% (4.1%, 5.8%).Liphetho tsena li bontša hore ho na le phapang e khōlō ea lipalo lipakeng tsa lihlopha.Lihlopheng tsa NDR, NPDR, le PDR, karolelano ea boleng ba DD e ne e le 0.39 ± 0.21 mg/L, 1.06 ± 0.54 mg/L, le 1.39 ± 0.59 mg/L, ka ho latellana.Sephetho sa sehlopha sa taolo e bile 0.36 ± 0.17 mg/L.Litekanyetso tsa sehlopha sa NPDR le sehlopha sa PDR li ne li phahame haholo ho feta tsa sehlopha sa NDR le sehlopha sa taolo, 'me boleng ba sehlopha sa PDR bo ne bo phahame haholo ho feta ba sehlopha sa NPDR, ho bontša hore phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha e ne e le ea bohlokoa. (P<0.001).Karolelano ea boleng ba FIB lihlopheng tsa NDR, NPDR, le PDR e ne e le 3.07 ± 0.42 g/L, 4.38 ± 0.54 g/L, le 4.46 ± 1.09 g/L, ka ho latellana.Sephetho sa sehlopha sa taolo e bile 2.97 ± 0.67 g/L.Phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha e ne e le ea bohlokoa ka lipalo (P <0.05).Qetello: Maemo a mali a HbA1c, DD, le FIB sehlopheng sa PDR a ne a phahame haholo ho feta a sehlopha sa NPDR.Mantsoe a bohlokoa: glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c, D-dimer, DD, fibrinogen, FIB, retinopathy ea lefu la tsoekere, DR, microangiopathy
Lefu la tsoekere (DM) le fetohile lefu le lengata lilemong tsa morao tjena, 'me mathata a lona a ka baka mafu a mangata a tsamaiso, eo har'a eona microangiopathy e leng sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu ho bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere.1 Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ke letšoao le ka sehloohong la taolo ea tsoekere ea mali, e bonts'ang haholo boemo ba tsoekere maling likhoeling tse peli kapa tse tharo tsa pele, 'me e fetohile tekanyetso ea khauta e tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara bakeng sa ho lekola tsoekere ea mali nako e telele. .Tekong ea ts'ebetso ea coagulation, D-dimer (DD) e ka bonts'a ka ho khetheha hyperfibrinolysis ea bobeli le hypercoagulability 'meleng, joalo ka sesupo se hlokolosi sa thrombosis.Fibrinogen (FIB) mahloriso a ka bontša boemo ba prethrombotic 'meleng.Liphuputso tse seng li ntse li le teng li bonts'itse hore ho lekola ts'ebetso ea coagulation le HbA1c ea bakuli ba nang le DM e bapala karolo ea ho ahlola tsoelo-pele ea mathata a mafu, 2,3 haholo-holo microangiopathy.4 Diabetic retinopathy (DR) ke e 'ngoe ea mathata a tloaelehileng a microvascular le sesosa se seholo sa bofofu ba lefu la tsoekere.Melemo ea mefuta e meraro e ka holimo ea litlhahlobo ke hore ho bonolo ho e sebetsa ebile e tumme haholo maemong a bongaka.Boithuto bona bo shebile boleng ba HbA1c, DD, le FIB ba bakuli ba nang le li-degree tse fapaneng tsa DR, 'me ba li bapisa le liphetho tsa bakuli bao e seng ba DR DM le bahlahlobi ba 'mele bao e seng ba DM, e le ho hlahloba bohlokoa ba HbA1c, DD. le FIB.Teko ea FIB e sebelisoa ho beha leihlo ho hlaha le nts'etsopele ea DR.
Boithuto bona bo khethile bakuli ba 61 ba nang le lefu la tsoekere (mahlo a 122) ba ileng ba alafshoa lefapheng la bakuli ba kantle ho Sepetlele sa Baoding First Central ho tloha ka Pulungoana 2017 ho isa Mots'eanong 2019. Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa bakuli ke: Bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ba fumanoeng ho latela "Litaelo tsa Thibelo le Phekolo ea Mofuta 2 Diabetes in China (2017)”, le lithuto tsa tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle ba 'mele bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere ha li akaretsoe.Mekhoa ea ho qheleloa ka thoko ke e latelang: (1) bakuli ba bakhachane;(2) bakuli ba nang le prediabetes;(3) bakuli ba ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 14;(4) ho na le litlamorao tse khethehileng tsa lithethefatsi, joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea morao-rao ea li-glucocorticoids.Ho latela liphetho tsa bona tsa non-mydriatic fundus le sephetho sa fluorescein fundus angiography, barupeluoa ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo tse latelang: Sehlopha sa bao e seng ba DR (NDR) se ne se kenyelletsa bakuli ba 23 (mahlo a 46), banna ba 11, basali ba 12 le lilemo tse 43- Lilemo tse 76.Lilemo tsa lilemo, karolelano ea lilemo tse 61.78± 6.28;sehlopha se sa atang sa DR (NPDR), linyeoe tsa 17 (mahlo a 34), banna ba 10 le basali ba 7, lilemo tse 47-70, lilemo tse 60.89 ± 4.27;proliferative DR (Ho ne ho e-na le linyeoe tsa 21 (mahlo a 42) sehlopheng sa PDR, ho kopanyelletsa le banna ba 9 le basali ba 12, ba lilemo li 51-73, ka karolelano ea lilemo tsa 62.24± 7.91. Kakaretso ea batho ba 20 (mahlo a 40) Sehlopha sa taolo se ne se le mpe bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere, ho kenyeletsoa banna ba 8 le basali ba 12, ba lilemo li 50-75, ka karolelano ea lilemo tsa 64.54 ± 3.11. opereishene, tšoaetso, lihlahala tse kotsi kapa mafu a mang a tloaelehileng a tlhaho a qheletsoe ka thoko.
Bakuli ba DR ba kopana le litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo tse fanoeng ke Lekala la Ophthalmology la Lekala la Ophthalmology le Mokhatlo oa Bongaka oa Chaena.5 Re sebelisitse k'hamera ea non-mydriatic fundus (Canon CR-2, Tokyo, Japane) ho rekota palo e ka morao ea fundus ea mokuli.Mme a nka senepe sa 30–45° fundus.Ngaka ea mahlo e koetlisitsoeng hantle e fane ka tlaleho e ngotsoeng ea tlhahlobo e thehiloeng litšoantšong.Tabeng ea DR, sebelisa Heidelberg Retinal Angiography-2 (HRA-2) (Heidelberg Engineering Company, Germany) bakeng sa fundus angiography, le ho sebelisa libaka tse supileng tsa pele tsa kalafo ea diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) fluorescein angiography (FA) ho netefatsa NPDR kapa PDR.Ho ea ka hore na barupeluoa ba bontšitse retinal neovascularization, barupeluoa ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tsa NPDR le PDR.Bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere bao e seng ba DR ba ne ba ngotsoe e le sehlopha sa NDR;bakuli ba ileng ba fumanoa ba se na lefu la tsoekere ba ne ba nkoa e le sehlopha sa taolo.
Hoseng, 1.8 ml ea mali a venous a itima lijo a bokelloa 'me a kenngoa ka har'a tube ea anticoagulation.Kamora lihora tse 2, centrifuge metsotso e 20 ho bona boemo ba HbA1c.
Hoseng, 1.8 mL ea mali a venous a itima lijo a ile a bokelloa, a kenngoa ka har'a tube ea anticoagulation, 'me a kenngoa ka centrifuged bakeng sa 10 min.Joale supernatant e ile ea sebelisoa bakeng sa ho lemoha DD le FIB.
Ho sibolloa ha HbA1c ho etsoa ho sebelisoa Beckman AU5821 ea othomathike ea biochemical analyzer le li-reagents tsa eona tse tšehetsang.Boleng bo khaotsoeng ba lefu la tsoekere> 6.20%, boleng bo tloaelehileng ke 3.00% ~ 6.20%.
Liteko tsa DD le FIB li entsoe ho sebelisoa STA Compact Max® automatic coagulation analyzer (Stago, France) le li-reagents tse tšehetsang.Lintlha tse ntle tsa litšupiso ke DD> 0.5 mg/L le FIB> 4 g/L, ha litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng ke DD ≤ 0.5 mg/L le FIB 2-4 g/L.
Lenaneo la software la SPSS Statistics (v.11.5) le sebelisoa ho sebetsana le liphetho;lintlha li hlahisoa joalo ka ± kheloha e tloaelehileng (±s).Ho ipapisitsoe le tlhahlobo ea maemo, lintlha tse kaholimo li lumellana le kabo e tloaelehileng.Tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe ea phapang e ile ea etsoa ho lihlopha tse' nè tsa HbA1c, DD, le FIB.Ho phaella moo, litekanyetso tsa lipalo-palo tsa DD le FIB li ile tsa bapisoa le ho feta;P <0.05 e bontša hore phapang ke ea bohlokoa ka lipalo.
Lilemo tsa lihlooho tsa sehlopha sa NDR, sehlopha sa NPDR, sehlopha sa PDR, le sehlopha sa taolo e ne e le 61.78 ± 6.28, 60.89 ± 4.27, 62.24 ± 7.91, le lilemo tse 64.54 ± 3.11 ka ho latellana.Hangata lilemo li ne li ajoa ka mor'a tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea kabo.Tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe ea phapang e bontšitse hore phapang e ne e se ea bohlokoa ka lipalo (P = 0.157) (Letlapa la 1).
Letlapa la 1 Papiso ea litšobotsi tsa motheo tsa kliniki le tsa mahlo pakeng tsa sehlopha sa taolo le lihlopha tsa NDR, NPDR le PDR
Ka karolelano HbA1c ea sehlopha sa NDR, sehlopha sa NPDR, sehlopha sa PDR le sehlopha sa taolo e ne e le 6.58 ± 0.95%, 7.45 ± 1.21%, 8.04 ± 1.81% le 4.53 ± 0.41%, ka ho latellana.HbA1cs ea lihlopha tsena tse 'ne hangata e ajoa le ho lekoa ka kabo e tloaelehileng.Ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea tsela e le 'ngoe ea phapang, phapang e ne e le ea bohlokoa ka lipalo (P <0.001) (Letlapa la 2).Lipapiso tse ling pakeng tsa lihlopha tse 'nè li bontšitse phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa lihlopha (P <0.05) (Letlapa la 3).
Ka karolelano boleng ba DD sehlopheng sa NDR, sehlopha sa NPDR, sehlopha sa PDR, le sehlopha sa taolo e ne e le 0.39±0.21mg/L, 1.06±0.54mg/L, 1.39±0.59mg/L le 0.36±0.17mg/L, ka ho latellana.Li-DD kaofela li atisa ho ajoa le ho lekoa ka kabo e tloaelehileng.Ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea tsela e le 'ngoe ea phapang, phapang e ne e le ea bohlokoa ka lipalo (P <0.001) (Letlapa la 2).Ka papiso e tsoelang pele ea lihlopha tse 'nè, liphetho li bontša hore boleng ba sehlopha sa NPDR le sehlopha sa PDR se phahame haholo ho feta sehlopha sa NDR le sehlopha sa taolo,' me boleng ba sehlopha sa PDR bo phahame haholo ho feta sehlopha sa NPDR. , e bontšang hore phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha ke ea bohlokoa (P<0.05).Leha ho le joalo, phapang pakeng tsa sehlopha sa NDR le sehlopha sa taolo e ne e se ea bohlokoa ka lipalo (P> 0.05) (Letlapa la 3).
Ka karolelano FIB ea sehlopha sa NDR, sehlopha sa NPDR, sehlopha sa PDR le sehlopha sa taolo e ne e le 3.07±0.42 g / L, 4.38±0.54 g / L, 4.46±1.09 g / L le 2.97±0.67 g / L, ka ho latellana.FIB ea lihlopha tsena tse 'ne E bontša kabo e tloaelehileng ka tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng ea kabo.Ho sebelisa tlhahlobo ea tsela e le 'ngoe ea phapang, phapang e ne e le ea bohlokoa ka lipalo (P <0.001) (Letlapa la 2).Papiso e eketsehileng lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse 'ne e bonts'itse hore boleng ba sehlopha sa NPDR le sehlopha sa PDR bo ne bo phahame haholo ho feta ba sehlopha sa NDR le sehlopha sa taolo, ho bonts'a hore phapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha e ne e le bohlokoa (P <0.05).Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho se na phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa sehlopha sa NPDR le sehlopha sa PDR, le NDR le sehlopha sa taolo (P> 0.05) (Letlapa la 3).
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, palo ea batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere e eketsehile selemo le selemo, 'me palo ea batho ba nang le DRD le eona e eketsehile.Hona joale DR ke sesosa se atileng haholo sa bofofu.6 Ho feto-fetoha ho matla ha tsoekere ea mali (BG)/tsoekere ho ka baka boemo ba mali ba hypercoagulable, e leng se lebisang ho letoto la mathata a methapo ea mali.7 Ka hona, ho lekola boemo ba BG le boemo ba coagulation ea bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ka nts'etsopele ea DR, bafuputsi ba Chaena le libakeng tse ling ba thahasella haholo.
Ha hemoglobin e liseleng tse khubelu tsa mali e kopantsoe le tsoekere ea mali, ho hlahisoa hemoglobin ea glycosylated, eo hangata e bonahatsang taolo ea tsoekere maling a mokuli libekeng tse 8-12 tsa pele.Tlhahiso ea HbA1c e lieha, empa hang ha e phethiloe, ha e robehe habonolo;ka hona, boteng ba eona bo thusa ho lekola tsoekere ea mali ho lefu la tsoekere.8 Hyperglycemia ea nako e telele e ka baka liphetoho tse ke keng tsa fetoloa methapong, empa HbAlc e ntse e le sesupo se setle sa boemo ba tsoekere maling ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.Boemo ba 9 HbAlc ha bo bontše feela boemo ba tsoekere maling, empa hape bo amana haufi-ufi le boemo ba tsoekere ea mali.E amana le mathata a lefu la tsoekere a kang lefu la microvascular le lefu la macrovascular.10 Thutong ena, HbAlc ea bakuli ba nang le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea DR e ile ea bapisoa.Liphetho li bonts'itse hore boleng ba sehlopha sa NPDR le sehlopha sa PDR bo ne bo phahame haholo ho feta ba sehlopha sa NDR le sehlopha sa taolo, mme boleng ba sehlopha sa PDR bo ne bo phahame haholo ho feta ba sehlopha sa NPDR.Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontšitse hore ha maemo a HbA1c a tsoela pele ho phahama, e ama bokhoni ba hemoglobin ea ho tlama le ho tsamaisa oksijene, kahoo e ama ts'ebetso ea retina.11 Ho eketseha ha maemo a HbA1c ho amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere, 12 le ho fokotseha ha maemo a HbA1c ho ka fokotsa kotsi ea DR.13 Et al.14 e fumane hore boemo ba HbA1c ba bakuli ba DR bo ne bo phahame haholo ho feta ba bakuli ba NDR.Ho bakuli ba DR, haholo-holo bakuli ba PDR, maemo a BG le HbA1c a batla a phahame, 'me ha maemo a BG le HbA1c a ntse a eketseha, boemo ba bokooa ba pono ho bakuli boa eketseha.15 Lipatlisiso tse ka holimo li lumellana le liphello tsa rona.Leha ho le joalo, litekanyetso tsa HbA1c li angoa ke lintlha tse kang khaello ea mali, nako ea bophelo ea hemoglobin, lilemo, bokhachane, morabe, joalo-joalo, 'me ha li khone ho bonahatsa liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa tsoekere ea mali ka nako e khutšoanyane,' me li na le "phello ea ho lieha".Ka hona, litsebi tse ling li lumela hore boleng ba eona ba litšupiso bo na le moo bo haelloang teng.16
Likarolo tsa pathological tsa DR ke retinal neovascularization le tšenyo e thibelang mali-retinal;leha ho le joalo, mokhoa oa hore na lefu la tsoekere le baka joang ho qala ha DR o rarahane.Hajoale ho lumeloa hore ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea mesifa e boreleli le lisele tsa endothelial le ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang ea fibrinolytic ea li-capillaries tsa retinal ke lisosa tse peli tsa mantlha tsa lefu la bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.17 Phetoho ea tšebetso ea coagulation e kanna ea ba sesupo sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ahlola retinopathy.Khatelo-pele ea lefu la tsoekere la microangiopathy.Ka nako e ts'oanang, DD ke sehlahisoa se itseng sa ho senyeha ha enzyme ea fibrinolytic ho fibrin e amanang le sefapano, e ka khonang ka potlako, ka mokhoa o bonolo, le ka mokhoa o atlehileng oa ho tseba hore na DD e hokae ka plasma.Ho ipapisitsoe le melemo ena le tse ling, tlhahlobo ea DD hangata e etsoa.Phuputso ena e fumane hore sehlopha sa NPDR le sehlopha sa PDR se ne se phahame haholo ho feta sehlopha sa NDR le sehlopha sa taolo ka ho bapisa palo e tloaelehileng ea DD, 'me sehlopha sa PDR se ne se phahame haholo ho feta sehlopha sa NPDR.Phuputso e 'ngoe ea Sechaena e bontša hore ts'ebetso ea coagulation ea bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere e ke ke ea fetoha qalong;leha ho le joalo, haeba mokuli a e-na le lefu la microvascular, mosebetsi oa coagulation o tla fetoha haholo.4 Ha tekanyo ea ho senyeha ha DR e ntse e eketseha, boemo ba DD bo nyoloha butle-butle 'me bo fihla tlhōrōng ea bakuli ba PDR.18 Sephetho sena se lumellana le liphetho tsa thuto ea hajoale.
Fibrinogen ke sesupo sa boemo ba hypercoagulable le ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ea fibrinolytic, 'me boemo ba eona bo ntseng bo eketseha bo tla ama haholo mali a coagulation le hemorrheology.Ke ntho e tlang pele ho thrombosis, 'me FIB maling a bakuli ba lefu la tsoekere ke motheo oa bohlokoa oa ho theha boemo ba hypercoagulable ho plasma ea lefu la tsoekere.Papiso ea litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa FIB thutong ena e bonts'a hore boleng ba lihlopha tsa NPDR le PDR li phahame haholo ho feta boleng ba NDR le lihlopha tsa taolo.Phuputso e 'ngoe e fumane hore tekanyo ea FIB ea bakuli ba DR e phahame haholo ho feta ea bakuli ba NDR, e bontšang hore keketseho ea boemo ba FIB e na le phello e itseng ketsahalong le nts'etsopele ea DR mme e ka potlakisa tsoelo-pele ea eona;leha ho le joalo, mekhoa e ikhethileng e amehang ts'ebetsong ena ha e so phethehe.hlakileng.19,20
Liphetho tse ka holimo li lumellana le thuto ena.Ho feta moo, liphuputso tse amanang le tsona li bontšitse hore ho lemoha ha DD le FIB ha ho kopane ho ka shebella le ho bona liphetoho tsa 'mele oa hypercoagulable state le hemorrheology, e leng se thusang ho hlahloba kapele, ho phekola le ho fola ha lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 le lefu la tsoekere.Microangiopathy 21
Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ho na le meeli e mengata lipatlisisong tsa morao-rao tse ka amang liphello.Kaha ena ke boithuto bo fapaneng, palo ea bakuli ba ikemiselitseng ho etsa liteko tsa mahlo le mali nakong ea thuto e lekanyelitsoe.Ho feta moo, bakuli ba bang ba hlokang fundus fluorescein angiography ba hloka ho laola khatello ea mali ea bona mme ba tlameha ho ba le nalane ea ho kula pele ho tlhahlobo.Ho hana ho hlahloba hape ho felletse ka tahlehelo ea barupeluoa.Ka hona, boholo ba sampole bo nyane.Re tla tsoelapele ho holisa sampole ea tlhokomeliso lithutong tse tlang.Ho phaella moo, litlhahlobo tsa mahlo li etsoa feela e le lihlopha tsa boleng;ha ho na litlhahlobo tse eketsehileng tsa palo tse etsoang, tse kang litekanyo tsa tomography tsa optical coherence tsa botenya ba macular kapa liteko tsa pono.Qetellong, thuto ena e emela ho shebella likarolo tse fapaneng 'me e ke ke ea bonahatsa liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea lefu lena;lithuto tsa kamoso li hloka litebello tse ling tse matla.
Ka kakaretso, ho na le liphapano tse kholo maemong a mali a HbA1c, DD, le FIB ho bakuli ba nang le likhato tse fapaneng tsa DM.Maemo a mali a lihlopha tsa NPDR le PDR a ne a phahame haholo ho feta lihlopha tsa NDR le euglycemic.Ka hona, tlhahlobong le kalafong ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, tlhahlobo e kopaneng ea HbA1c, DD, le FIB e ka eketsa sekhahla sa ho lemoha tšenyo ea methapo ea mali ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ho thusa ho lekola kotsi ea mathata a microvascular, le ho thusa ho lemoha lefu la tsoekere pele ho nako. ka retinopathy.
Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Sepetlele se Affiliated sa Univesithi ea Hebei (nomoro ea tumello: 2019063) mme e entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki.Tumello e nang le tsebo e ngotsoeng e fumanoe ho barupeluoa bohle.
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